Chapter 15 Principles of Animal Behavior Turd Edition Quizlet

Maxim Akimenko

�� 5. �� . �� .

1. Standards of living increase, populations become more cosmopolitan and better educated, society as a whole achieves a greater equality of condition, and people begin to demand not simply more wealth but recognition of their status.
2. It is not sufficient to appeal to the authority of the great philosophers of the past to establish the validity of an objective history.
3. People have become accustomed by now to expect that the future will contain bad news with respect to the health and security of liberal political practices and they have problems recognising good news when it
comes.
4. History comes to an end because the contradictions that pushed the historical process have now been settled down.
5. The thesis of the "end of history" was drawn on the ideas of philosophers like Kant and Hegel who had addressed this question before.
6. Modern natural science establishes a uniform horizon of economic production possibilities.
7. The new theory excited an extraordinary amount of commentary and
controversy. 8. Technology makes possible the limitless accumulation of wealth, and thus the satisfaction of an ever-expanding set of human desires.
9. Understanding history in a conventional sense as the occurrence of events, people pointed to the numerous developments as evidence that "history was continuing," and that the thesis of the "end of history" was proven wrong.
10. By raising the question of whether there is such a thing as a Universal History of mankind, the scholar is resuming a discussion that was begun in the early nineteenth century.
11. Human beings seek recognition of their own worth, or of the people, things, or principles that they invest with worth.
12. All countries undergoing economic modernisation must increasingly re-semble one another: they must unify nationally on the basis of a cen-tralised state, urbanise, replace traditional forms of social organisation with economically rational ones based on function and efficiency, and provide for the universal education of their citizens.

Maxim Akimenko

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Maxim Akimenko

�� 8. �� , �� (�� ).

Some years ago as the Cold was ending and the Soviet was imploding, almost everyone saw the emergence of a single superpower Since then there has been much debate over how to conceptualise the successor to the bipolar of the Cold Is it unipolar, multipolar or uni-multipolar? A unipolar world is one in which a single state acting unilaterally with little or no from other states can effectively resolve major international and no other state or combination of states has the to prevent it from doing so. A multipolar world is one in which a of major
powers is necessary to resolve important international and, if the is a substantial one, no other single state can prevent it from doing that. A uni-multipolar world, on the other hand, is one in which of key international
requires action by the single superpower plus some of other major states and in which the single superpower is able to veto action by a of other states. Global has now moved from a brief unipolar moment at the end of the Cold into one or perhaps more uni-multipolar decades on its way towards a multipolar twenty-first (century, coalition, combination, co-operation, empire, issue, politics, power, resolution, system, war, world)

Maxim Akimenko

��

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�� , �� (war) �� (empire) ��, �� (power). � �� , �� (system) ��, �� (world) �� (war). �� , �� -��? �� , �� , �� (co-operation) � �� , �� (issue) � �� (power) �� . � �� , �� (combination) �� (issues) , �, �� (coalition) �� , �� . ��-�� , � �� , ��, � �� (combination) �� (Issues) �� , �� . � �� (coalition) �� . �� (world) � �� (war) �, ��, �� -�� (century).

Maxim Akimenko

�� 13. �� , �� .

1. The West has become pessimistic with regard to the possibility of over�all progress in democratic institutions.
2. Strong governments have been failing over the last two decades.
3. It was argued that a remarkable consensus concerning the legitimacy of liberal democracy as a system of government had emerged throughout the world over the past few years, as it conquered rival ideologies.
4. Liberal principles in economics have spread, and have succeeded in producing unparalleled levels of material prosperity, both in industrially developed countries and in countries that had been part of the impoverished Third World.
5. By the end of the twenty first century democracy will have removed all possible obstacles to its future development.
6. The government promised that it would have domesticated the demands for national recognition of the minor ethnicities by the end of the decade.
7. Totalitarianisms of the Right and Left have kept us too busy to consider the question of the future democratic institutions seriously for the better part of this century.
8. The new world order that came into being with the collapse of the Soviet Union will have been existing for twenty years in 2011.
9. Free market has been spreading in unparalleled pace during the last decade.
10. Those theories suggested that there would be no further progress in the development of underlying principles and institutions, because all of the really big questions had been settled.
11. In Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union people have long been denied their cultural identities.
12. The unfolding of modern natural science has had a uniform effect on all societies that have experienced it.
13. The senator-elect addressed his constituents and promised not to run for re-election because by the end of his term he would have been representing his people for six years and it would be appropriate time to send someone else to Washington.
14. A liberal revolution has preceded the move toward political freedom around the globe.
15. The victims of the past century's political violence would deny that there has been such a thing as historical progress.

Maxim Akimenko

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Maxim Akimenko

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Maxim Akimenko

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1. The intellectual atmosphere throughout the world has changed in the last decade, important reforms have begun in many countries.
2. To understand how this thinker had the audacity to argue that the story is over, you should understand the connection of his ideas with earlier created philosophical concepts.
3. Have we really reached the end of the story?
4. By the end of next year, a new book will have been be published, in which this scientist promises to present irrefutable facts indicating the end of history.
5. The fact that the essential elements of economic and political liberalism have taken root in the unique conditions of the traditions and institutions of power in a given country indicates their ability to survive.
6. Over the past fifteen years, the old economic system has been completely discredited.
7. It took the colonial powers several years to abandon their possessions and, thus, fulfill the obligations they assumed during the Second World War.
8. After the end of World War II, few would have dared to predict that by the beginning of the XXI century. The USSR will disappear from the world map.
9. Now, when it seems that we have won, we must find the answer to the question of who we are and what we will do next.
10. The emigrants reported that the majority of the population in their country had already abandoned their commitment to the officially promulgated principles.
11. The essence of progress is to have made something better than they did before.
12. Most cases of successful settlement of military conflicts through negotiations continue to remain unknown to the public, since the parties concerned insist on this.

Maxim Akimenko

Unit 2

�� 1. �� .
Clash of Civilisations
Nation states remain the principal actors in world affairs. Their behaviour is shaped as in the past by the pursuit of power and wealth, but it is also shaped by cultural preferences, commonalties, and differences. The most important groupings of states are the eight major civilisations. Non-Western societies are developing their economic wealth and creating the basis for enhanced military power and political influence. As their power and self-confidence increase, non-Western societies increasingly assert their own cultural values and reject those "imposed" on them by the West. The "international system of the twenty-first century," Henry Kissinger has noted, "will contain at least six major powers - the United States, Europe, China, Japan, Russia, and probably India - as well as a multiplicity of me-dium-sized and smaller countries." These six major powers belong to five very different civilisations. In this new world, local politics is the politics of ethnicity; global politics is the politics of civilisations. The rivalry of the su�perpowers is replaced by the clash of civilisations.
In this new world the most pervasive, important, and dangerous conflicts will be between peoples belonging to different cultural entities. Tribal wars and ethnic conflicts will occur within civilisations. Violence between states and groups from different civilisations, carries with it the potential for esca�lation as other states and groups from these civilisations rally to the support of their "kin countries." Cultural conflicts are more dangerous today than at any time in history. The most dangerous cultural conflicts are those along the fault lines between civilisations. The major differences in political and economic development among civilisations are rooted in their different cul�tures. The West is and will remain for years to come the most powerful civilisation. Yet its power relative to that of other civilisations is declining. A central axis of the present world politics is the interaction of Western power and culture with the power and culture of non-Western civilisations.

Maxim Akimenko

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Maxim Akimenko

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Maxim Akimenko

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Civilization is the broadest cultural community. Villages, regions, ethnic groups, ethnic groups, religious groups, there are special multi-level diverse cultures. Civilization is the broadest cultural grouping of people and the widest range of their cultural identity � with the exception of what makes people different from other living beings.
Civilization is also determined by such common objective elements as language, history, religion, traditions, institutions, and the subjective self-identification of people.
Civilizations do not have clearly defined boundaries, a precise beginning and end. People can rethink and rethink their identity, and as a result, the composition of civilization and its outlines change over time.
The cultures of nations interact and overlap each other. The degree of their similarities and differences also varies considerably. However, civilizations are full of a sense of integrity; they really exist, although the boundaries between them are rarely clear. Civilizations are mortal, but at the same time they live long; they evolve, adapt and are the most permanent human associations.
Almost all the major world civilizations of the twentieth century either existed for a whole millennium, or are a direct offspring of another durable civilization.

Maxim Akimenko

�� 7. �� , �� . � ��, �� , � �� -��. �� - �� . �� , �� , �� , � �� - �� .
JOURNALIST: � XX �. �� . �� , �� XXI �. �� ?
PROFESSOR: Because the world has evolved and, in particular, Western civilisation has evolved, and the major clashes of the twentieth century were all within Western civilisation. Civilisations evolve over time, and most scholars of civilisation argue that they go through periods of warring states, and eventually evolve into a universal state. The West has not reached its universal state as yet, although its close to it, but it certainly has evolved out of its warring state phase, which it was in for a couple of centuries.
JOURNALIST: �� , �� . �� , �� , �� , � �� ?
PROFESSOR: Well, the leaders are the United States and Western Europe. And the big question for the West is, what other countries should be incorporated into Western institutions? And the answer from a civilisation point of view is very clear. These are the countries which historically have been part of Western Christendom going back a thousand years or more.
JOURNALIST: �� ?
PROFESSOR: Well, I think the most important ones are Orthodox civilisation with Russia as a core state, Islamic civilisation which stretches from Morocco to Indonesia. Chinese civilisation, Japan, which is really a civilisation all unto itself; Hindu civilisation; Latin America, that I would classify as a separate civilisation, although some people wouldn't; and Africa, which is, a very special type of civilisation.
JOURNALIST: �� . �� ?
PROFESSOR: Well, I think the United States first of all has to recognise the world for what it is. And I think we have been in something of a denial mode, and have not been very quick at adjusting to this terribly complex world where there is ethnic rivalry of all sorts, and ethnic rivalry becomes most dangerous, of course, when it is between groups from different civilisations because there is always the danger of escalation. And so I think American foreign policy clearly has to focus on the intercivilisational conflicts that will challenge us, and we also have to keep our guard up and I think try to reinvigorate relations with our European allies, which I think our administration has rather neglected.
JOURNALIST: �� , �� ?
PROFESSOR: Yes. Promote the unity of the West.
JOURNALIST: � �� ?
PROFESSOR: Right. Which means not just in military and economic (terms but also in moral terms and in commitment to Western values.
JOURNALIST: �� , �� , �� ?
PROFESSOR: That's right.
JOURNALIST: �� . � �� , �� . �� .
PROFESSOR: Thank you. I appreciate it.

Maxim Akimenko

��
JOURNALIST: In the XX century major conflicts occurred within individual civilizations. Why do you think that the XXI century will be a time of clashes between civilizations?
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JOURNALIST: We are talking primarily about Western civilization, which today occupies a leading place in the world. Which countries do you think belong to Western civilization, and who is its leader?
PROFESSOR: ��, �� . � �� , �� ? � �� . �� , �� , �� .
JOURNALIST: What can you say about other civilizations?
PROFESSOR: ��, � ��, �� , �� , �� . �� , ��, �� ; �� ; �� , �� , �� ; � ��, �� .
JOURNALIST: You warn of the danger of clashes between civilizations. How do you see American foreign policy?
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JOURNALIST: So you are talking about the need to bring the United States closer to Europe?
PROFESSOR: ��. �� .
JOURNALIST: And also to strengthen the very western civilization?
PROFESSOR: ��. �� (� ��, �� ).
JOURNALIST: In addition, in your opinion, should the West abandon the idea of the universality of its values?
PROFESSOR: �� .
JOURNALIST: Your ideas have received conflicting assessments worldwide. I wish you further creative success and I am confident that we will hear your original concepts more than once. Thank you very much for the interview.
PROFESSOR: ��. � �� .

Maxim Akimenko

�� 9. �� , �� 1. �� . �� .

The present world is a world of seven or eight major civilisations. Cultural commonalties and differences shape the interests, antagonisms, and associations of states. The most important countries in the world come from different civilisations. Local conflicts most likely to escalate into broader wars are those between groups and states from different civilisations. The predominant patterns of political and economic development differ from civilisation to civilisation. The key issues on the international agenda involve differences among civilisations. Power is shifting from the long predominant West to non-Western civilisations. Global politics has become multipolar and multicivilisational.

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Maxim Akimenko

�� 13. �� , �� .

1. European curricula should not only include the teaching of Graeco-Roman and Christian traditions but should also convey the knowledge of non-European traditions.
2. The worst thing would be for us to stumble into a great war without realising it, without being prepared for it.
3. The military would be compelled to establish a dictatorship until this new revolution shall be consolidated.
4. Expanding this conflict is the one action that could galvanise a clash of civilisations.
5. The educational system in any given cultural environment must go beyond the exclusive interpretation of the collective cultural awareness on the background of the very culture's specific traditions of that culture.
6. In the very variety of cultural systems we find the unique chance of gaining a clearer and more critical consciousness of our own system; thus, we may comprehend in a deeper sense the value of cultural freedom as being something that is common to all human beings.
7. By adding our own consumer driven, competitive culture, we can't hopeto do any good and therefore might as well not even go.
8. Each conflict is unique yet we can learn from the successes and failures.
9. The psychology of envy and grudge as well as the impact of mass media has to be better understood.
10. If these organisations are to fulfil the protection role, they should adopt a rights based approach which meets people's need for security, freedom and justice.
11. We have to do everything we can to prevent them from becoming our enemy.
12. The scholars have not been able to find a convincing economic answer to this predicament.
13. The aspirations of the middle class in this country ought to be compared not with those of European middle class, but with the aspirations the middle class of this country had immediately after World War II.
14. The culture of a village in southern Italy may be different from that of a village in northern Italy, but both will share in a common Italian culture that distinguishes them from German villages.
15. Non-governmental organisations and individuals can be helpful in the broader context, while we should recognise that professional diplomats and mediators in and around the United Nations may be more effective, when a conflict is imminent and precise negotiations are required.

Maxim Akimenko

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Maxim Akimenko

�� 14. �� , �� . �� .

1. This goal (��) only be achieved by establishing the basis for an objective dialectics of cultural selfrealisation.
2. We (��) explore economic, social, cultural as well as political and psychological dimensions of a conflict.
3. A civilisation (��) only fully develop itself if it (��) relate to other civilisations.
4. This theory (��) serve as a methodological basis for a theory of cultural self-comprehension.
5. In many armed conflicts international humanitarian actors (��) provide protection and assistance to the people affected by the conflict.
6. I think it (�� ) be very undesirable at this point to expand the war into a war.
7. A truly multicultural society (��) emerge on the global level.
8. Conflict prevention in the twenty first century (��) confront the global trend.
9. Many (�� ) challenge that we (��) spread all these other values elsewhere.
10. We (��) recognise the limits on our power.
11. It (��) be that transnational corporations will wield more power in the coming century than do nation-states.
12. Regarding the maintenance of regional dominance there (��) be no illusions.

Maxim Akimenko

��

1. This goal can only be achieved by establishing the basis for an objective dialectics of cultural selfrealisation.
2. We must explore economic, social, cultural as well as political and psychological dimensions of a conflict.
3. A civilisation can only fully develop itself if it (��) relate to other civilisations.
4. This theory can serve as a methodological basis for a theory of cultural self-comprehension.
5. In many armed conflicts international humanitarian actors must provide protection and assistance to the people affected by the conflict.
6. I think it would be very undesirable.
7. A truly multicultural society should emerge on the global level.
8. Conflict prevention in the twenty first century should confront the global trend.
9. Many (would have challenged) challenges that we can spread all these other values elsewhere.
10. We must recognize the limits on our power.
11. It can be that transnational corporations be more than a nation-state.
12. Regarding the maintenance of regional dominance there should be no illusions.

Maxim Akimenko

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Chapter 15 Principles of Animal Behavior Turd Edition Quizlet

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Chapter 15 Principles of Animal Behavior Turd Edition Quizlet

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